Newer diesel trucks are equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPF), but not everyone knows exactly what they are or how they work. In this article we will give an easy-to-follow overview of DPFs so you can have a better understanding of their purpose, location, and function.
What is a DPF?
DPF is short for diesel particulate filter, and as the name suggests, it’s a filter that collects particulate matter. Essentially, it is a device that reduces the amount of toxic emissions that exit a diesel exhaust system, therefore reducing air pollutants. More specifically, this filter stops solid particles, like soot which is created from burning fuels, from being expelled.
A DPF filter is considered a wall filter and will typically be made from ceramic, silicon carbide or cordierite material. You can find it within the exhaust system, resting ahead of the NOx trap and exhaust pipe but after the temperature sensor; it is part of the system nearest to the engine.
How Does the DPF Work?
Diesel engines utilize internal combustion. The engine cylinders compress air with a force that makes it into a dense gas that will ignite the fuel. A controlled explosion is occurring when this happens, transferring heat energy into kinetic energy that turns the wheels that power the truck.
This transfer of energy results in a release of excess gas and solid particles, what we know as exhaust, which ultimately will exit through the exhaust pipe. The DPF filters the exhaust, trapping roughly 90% of the heavy particulates.
The particulates, or soot, that is collected in the DPF will then be recycled into the fuel system, creating better fuel efficiency. The recycling process, or regeneration, can happen in two ways: passively or actively. Passive regeneration occurs when the soot burns and the heat naturally becomes power during long drives at high speeds.
Active regeneration requires the soot to burn at a lower temperature, usually meaning there is an additional part or process that triggers a second internal combustion. This is known as catalytic combustion because the second internal combustion that takes place acts as a catalyst to super-heat the soot. Once it’s heated, it can be used to further power the truck.
Why Are DPFs Added to Exhaust Systems?
DPFs are designed to reduce harmful emissions. They were introduced to the North American market in 2007 and were later required on all medium and heavy-duty engines ranging from pickups to Class 8 tractors. Although older vehicles are not currently required to install a DPF, they must meet EPA regulations for carbon emissions. The addition of a particulate filter is often the best option for an engine to meet these guidelines.
On the flip side of this, removing a DPF without replacing it is considered an illegal action. You can be hit with a pretty hefty fine if you’re not meeting emission regulations or you’ve removed the DPF.
How Often Will It Need To Be Serviced?
Your truck’s DPF will need regular maintenance, but they are designed to last for approximately 100,000 miles. If you routinely clean it, avoid overuse, and buy high-quality diesel, there’s no reason you should need to replace it more frequently than that.
Our team at White’s International Trucks hopes this guide has provided you with good insight to diesel particulate filters! We have seven locations throughout North Carolina and would love to assist you with any questions you may have. We offer leasing, rentals, service, and more!
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